JOHN D. ROCKEFFELER

John Davidson Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. He amassed a fortune of about 300-400 billion dollars (adjusted for inflation), only surpassed by people such as Augustus Caesar, who "privately own all of Egypt", and Mansa Musa, whose generosity cause inflation of gold in the Saharan Africa.

He was born in 1839 in New York in a poor family. His father, claiming to be a "botanical expert", is a trader of elixir and known for his shady business. At a young age, he started his career as a bookeeper. He was told by his mother "to work, to save, and to give", and he always give a portion of his income to the poor.

His business career began in Cleveland with his partner, Maurice Clark. They both found the potential of oil that most person doesn't recognize. At the time, the oil boom in Pennsylvania is ongoing and everyone is mining. But this two person has another idea. Rather than drilling the oil, they will buy all of the oil and refine it. Usually, people will take the usable part of the oil and throw the rest onto the river. Rockefeller, instead use it to power his refinery, most importantly kerosene. At the time, there was no electricity yet, so all of America light their places with oil gained from killing whales, making it very expensive. By producing kerosene, light is now very cheap for poor people, at least until Edison/ Tesla came.

Rockefeller is obsessed with controlling every aspect of his industry. Oil requires barrel to store, so he bought the barrel producing company, and instead buying the wood, he own a forest.

This business is a success and other people started to open their own refining companies. But Rockefeller did not want competition. So he, which will be his future business model, started to eliminate competition and after partnering with Samuel Andrews, he bought out the Clark's shares. Soon he, his brother William, Andrews, and a man named Pfleger join and create the largest oil refining company at its time.

In 1870, they merge the various companies into one companies, the Standard Oil. Transportation of oil requires trains, so so he control the train company, and use it only to transport his oils, only his oils, instead of passenger. This made SO's product way cheaper than competition, meaning price can be lower while still maintaining profit. With his monopoly, Rockefeller will soon buy out other companies and stamp out competition. If they refuse, Rockefeller will start a "price war", where he dropped the oil price to the point that they start losing money, however their consumer would start exclusively buy Standard Oil's product, therefor their competitor will be unable to compete and soon be bankrupt.

This practice would only repeat and repeat and repeat until Standard oil controlled 90% of the US oil supply. Public animosity is high against this company and finally in 1890 the government pass the Sherman Anti-Trust act, which basically outlaw the monopoly he was conducting. But at this point the company has grown so big that they can bribe the politician into looking the other way. This will take a man brave enough to stand against this practice, and the man is Teddy Roosevelt. Finally in 1911 the supreme court rule out that the Standard Oil Company has been in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act for about twenty years and dissolve the company into more than 90 companies.

However, all of those companies is still owned by Rockefeller. After the dissolution, the stocks that he have would double in value, leading him to own 300-400 billion dollars.

Today, public opinion about this man is diverse. Most people saw him as an evil capitalist trying to get every dollar but some see him as a generous person giving 6% of his income to charity since he was a bookkeeper and actively combat slavery of African-American (though some might say that he is trying to replace them with wage slaves). But he taught us that with bravery, cleverness, and most importantly hard work, we can achieve anything that we want.

ALI BABA AND THE FORTY THIEVES: STRUCTURE

Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves

Once upon a time, there lived Ali Baba, a poor woodcutter, in the middle east. He was in the forest when he saw forty thieves stop in front of a cave.

The leader said “Open Sesame!” and before Ali Baba’s amazed eyes the sealed mouth of the cave magically opened and the men disappeared inside. To come out and close the entrance, the leader said “Close Sesame” and the cave sealed itself once more. Trembling with excitement Ali Baba waited till the thieves had left and then entered the cave after saying the magic words. To his delight he found lots of treasure.

Ali Baba told his brother Kasim about the wondrous cave. Kasim set off to get some treasure for himself too. Sadly, he forgot the words to leave the cave and the thieves killed him. Ali Baba discovered his brother’s body in the cave. With the help of a slave girl called Morgiana, he was able to take Kasim’s body back home and bury it.

Realising that someone else knew about their cave the thieves tracked Ali Baba down. The leader, disguised as an oil seller stayed with Ali Baba. He had brought along mules loaded with forty oil jars containing the other thieves. Clever Morgiana knew who the oil seller really was and poured boiling oil into the jars killing the other thieves. While dancing in front of the leader of the thieves Morgiana stabbed him.

After the death of the thieves, Ali Baba was saved. His wealth made him prosper and they lived happily ever after.

Orientation: Ali Baba was a poor wood cutter who encounter forty thieves.

Complication: Ali Baba saw the thieves' secret treasure. He told Kasim about it. Kasim rushed in, but was stuck and killed. The thieves realized this, and plotted to kill Ali Baba by disguising as an oil trader. Their trick was found out and the thieves were killed.

Resolution: Ali Baba lived happily ever after with his wealth.

ALI BABA AND THE FORTY THIEVES (STORY)

Ali Baba, a poor woodcutter was in the forest when he saw forty thieves stop in front of a cave.

The leader said “Open Sesame!” and before Ali Baba’s amazed eyes the sealed mouth of the cave magically opened and the men disappeared inside. To come out and close the entrance, the leader said “Close Sesame” and the cave sealed itself once more. Trembling with excitement Ali Baba waited till the thieves had left and then entered the cave after saying the magic words. To his delight he found lots of treasure.

Ali Baba told his brother Kasim about the wondrous cave. Kasim set off to get some treasure for himself too. Sadly, he forgot the words to leave the cave and the thieves killed him. Ali Baba discovered his brother’s body in the cave. With the help of a slave girl called Morgiana, he was able to take Kasim’s body back home and bury it.

Realising that someone else knew about their cave the thieves tracked Ali Baba down. The leader, disguised as an oil seller stayed with Ali Baba. He had brought along mules loaded with forty oil jars containing the other thieves. Clever Morgiana knew who the oil seller really was and poured boiling oil into the jars killing the other thieves. While dancing in front of the leader of the thieves Morgiana stabbed him. Ali Baba was saved and lived happily ever after.

From http://shortstoriesshort.com/story/ali-baba-and-the-forty-thieves/

Harpy Eagle

The Harpy Eagle, or Harpia harpyja, a neotropical eagle, is the most powerful raptor in the Americas.

It is first described in the taxonomy in 1758. It is a member of the Accipitridae family, the Order of Accipitriformes, the Aves Class, the Chordata Phylum, and the Kingdom of Animalia.

The upper side of the harpy eagle is covered with slate-black feathers, and the underside is mostly white, except for the feathered tarsi, which are striped black. A broad black band across the upper breast separates the gray head from the white belly. The head is pale grey, and is crowned with a double crest. The upper side of the tail is black with three gray bands, while the underside of it is black with three white bands. The iris is gray or brown or red, the cere and bill are black or blackish and the tarsi and toes are yellow. The plumage of males and females are identical. The tarsus is up to 13 cm (5.1 in) long.

Despite its enormous size, the Harpy Eagle is not the biggest eagle species ever nown. The title currently hold by the Phillipne Eagle, but pale in size to the extict haas’t eagle in New Zealand

Rare throughout its range, the harpy eagle is found from Mexico (almost extinct), through Central America and into South America to as far south as Argentina. The eagle is most common in Brazil, where it is found across the entire national territory. With the exception of some areas of Panama, the species is almost extinct in Central America, subsequent to the logging of much of the rainforest there.

The harpy eagle is an actively hunting carnivore and is an apex predator. Adults are near the top of a food chain but are preyed upon by ocelots and jaguars. Its main prey are tree-dwelling mammals and a majority of the diet has been shown to focus on sloths and monkeys. 

No display is known between pairs of eagles, and they are believed to mate for life. A pair of harpy eagles usually only raises one chick every 2–3 years. After the first chick hatches, the second egg is ignored and normally fails to hatch unless the first egg perishes. The egg is incubated around 56 days. When the chick is 36 days old, it can stand and walk awkwardly. The chick fledges at the age of 6 months, but the parents continue to feed it for another 6 to 10 months. The male captures much of the food for the incubating female and later the eaglet, but also takes an incubating shift while the female forages and also brings prey back to the nest. Breeding maturity is not reached until birds are 4 to 6 years of age. Adults can be aggressive toward humans who disturb the nesting site or appear to be a threat to its young.s
Although the harpy eagle still occurs over a considerable range, its distribution and populations have dwindled considerably. It is threatened primarily by habitat loss due to the expansion of logging, cattle ranching, agriculture, and prospecting. Secondarily, it is threatened by being hunted as an actual threat to livestock and/or a supposed one to human life, due to its great size.

Wikipedia
Questions
1. What are the physical characteristic of the Harpy Eagle?
(A).Grey head, black tail, reddish eye, yellow toes
B. Black head, black tail, black eye, black toes
C. White head, white head, black eye, brown toes
D. Golden head, black tail, blue eye, white toe

2. Where do the Harpy Eagle lives?
A. Philppines
(B). South America
C. North America
D. Europe

3. How many child does the Harpy Eagle usually raise?
(A). 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

4. Why is the Harpy Eagle rare?
A. Because they can't adapt to the modern climate
B. Because of rising temperature
(C). Because of deforestation and habitat loss
D. Because of an invasive species

5. What differ the Harpy Eagle from the other eagles?
A. It is the smallest eagle
B. It is a carnivore
C. It lives in the jungle
(D). It is one of the largest

LDKS EXPERIENCE

MY EXPERIENCE AT THE STUDENT BASIC LEADERSHIP TRAINING

On Thursday, 21st of September, every student on the tenth class of SMAN 3 Bandung came to PUSENIF (Central Infantry Weaponry) to join the LDKS (Student Basic Leadership Training). We arrived in the morning at the training field on 7 am. After putting our luggage away, we lined up in the field on the opening ceremony. Then, we entered a building to watched movies and presentations about the army, nationalism, propagandas, fighting for the country, and leadership. We went to the barracks and I got my hair cut. We ate our dinner and watched the presentations again. After that, we slept only to be woken up again two hours later. We slept again to be woken up four hours later, and then we did a lot of exercise. We learned about marching in the fields. We went to the Friday Praying, where we almost unanimously slept in the middle of the teachings due to the unprecedented exhaustion. After a lot of activities, we went to the Cikutra Heroes' Cemetry to do the night activities. We toured the cemetry and arrived back to the barracks at 1 am. In the final day we do outbond activities, and then watch the movie " G30S/PKI ". We attended the closing ceremony and went home.

Link video

https://youtu.be/YCYusUr3h30

Sultan's Program next holiday

Zhillan: Hi Sultan!
Sultan : Hi! How are you?
Zhillan: I'm fine, thank you.
Sultan: What are you doing?
Zhillan: I'm planning for my next holiday season.
Sultan: Really? What are you going to do next holiday?
Zhillan: I'm going to travel or explore around a city.
Sultan: Where is it?
Zhillan: In Paris, France!
Sultan: Wow, amazing! With whom will you travel with?
Zhillan: I will travel with my entire family.
Sultan: Are you going to the Eiffel tower?
Zhillan: Of course! You don't have to ask again.
Sultan: How are you going to get there?
Zhillan: By plane, the British Airways.
Sultan: Why would you go there?
Zhillan: Because it is my dream since I was little.
Sultan: When will you go?
Zhillan: This December.
Sultan: Isn't it winter?
Zhillan: I never see snow, so I want to go at winter.
Sultan:Amazing!
Zhillan: So what are you going to do at your holiday?
Sultan: I will go to Japan.
Zhillan: Wow! With whom will you go?
Sultan: With my Robotic Team.
Zhillan: What are you going to do there?
Sultan: I have a competition.
Zhillan: What competition?
Sultan: A Robotic competition.
Zhillan: Cool! Where will that competition takes?
Sultan: In Tokyo.
Zhillan: When will it take place?
Sultan: On December 7th.
Zhillan: How will you win it? Do you have a plan?
Sultan: Of course I have a plan, but its a secret.
Zhillan: Why would you want to join the competition?
Sultan: Because I am a master of robotics in Indonesia.
Zhillan: Great! I hope you win!
Sultan: Thank you!
Zhillan: Your welcome.